Experimental study on the protective effect of anisodamine on flaps with ischemia reperfusion injury / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of anisodamine (Ani) injection on the survival rate and histologic result of flaps with ischemia-reperfusion injury, so as to demonstrate the protective effect of Ani on the flap survival.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 48 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into model control, normal saline(NS) and anisodamine groups, with 16 rats in each group. An 3 cm x 6 cm axial flap was formed at the right lower abdomen with abdominal superficial blood vessel as the pedicle. 0.5 cm x 0.5 cm skin tissue was taken from the middle part of flaps in each group, immediately after operation, 12, 18, 24 h after operation. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), nuclear factor-kappaB contents in the specimens were detected. The histologic study was also performed. The flap survival rate was recorded 7 days after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Flap survival rate was (78.6 +/- 7.3) % in Anisodamine group. 12, 18, 24 h after reperfusion injury, the SOD was (103.3 +/- 3.9), (82.6 +/- 3.8), (67.5 +/- 4.6) U/mg; the NO was (5.33 +/- 2.05), (4.75 +/- 1.68), (4.15 +/-1.59) nmol/mg; the NF-kappaB was 0.211 +/- 0.039, 0.313 +/- 0.033, 0.096 +/- 0.028. The contents of SOD, NO and NF-kappaB had the statistical difference of at different time. The skin pathological changes in Anisodamine group was obviously better than those in NS group. Flap survival rate in Anisodamine group was significantly higher than that in NS group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In the flap with ischemia-reperfusion injury, Anisodamine can reduce the damage of free radical, increase the blood flow, reduce the production of NF-KB, decrease inflammatory reaction. So Anisodamine can increase the survival rate of flaps with ischemia reperfusion injury.</p>

Experimental study of the effect of chitosan on the capsule inside the expanded flap / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of chitosan on the capsule inside the expanded flap.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expanders were implanted in animals with the treatment of chitosan(experimental group, n = 15) or without (control group, n = 15). After taking out the expanders, the flap contraction rate was calculated. The samples were observed through HE, Masson dyeing and CD34 immunohistochemical study. The thickness of capsule inside the expanded flap was measured under microscope. The samples were also studied under electron microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The thickness of capsule was 516.000 +/- 128.491 microm in the experimental group, and 833.000 +/- 227.379 microm in the control group (P < 0.05). The number of microvessels was 8.200 +/- 2.150 per visual in experimental group, and 7.900 +/- 1.729 per visual in control group (P > 0.05). Under the electron microscope, the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in the capsule in experimental group decreased and enlarged with degranulation. The mitochondria emerged or disappeared. The number of ribosome was reduced. In the control group, the RER enlarged without degranulation, the mitochondria was intact. The number of ribosome was not reduced.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The chitosan can effectively reduce the contraction of expanded flap through collagen secretion of fibroblast, delaying the differentiation from fibroblast to fiber cell, inhibiting thansform from fibroblast to myofibroblast. It has no effect on the microvascular generation and expansion, so the flap blood supply will not be affected with thicker capsule.</p>

Diagnoses and plastic reconstruction of congenital nasal ethmoidal sinus malformation with false triple nostrils appearance / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the pathogenesis, the diagnostic criterion and the surgical methods of congenital nasal ethmoidal sinus malformation with false triple nostrils appearance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From Feb 1993 to Mar 2006, a total of 13 cases of rare congenital nasal deformity had been investigated in pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis and the methods of operation. The concept of congenital nasal sinus was presented. In this series, one-stage rehabilitation was achieved by using compositive operation techniques, including excision of the sinus, reconstruction of the hatch of ethmoidal sinus, transplantation of the dorsal nasal musculoaponeurotic flap as well as the nasolabial fold flap and the reconstruction of the cartilage-muscle ring in the wing of the nose.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The symptom disappeared in all of the 13 cases with no morbidity. The symmetrical double sides were observed and the nasal figure was satisfied.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>By using such compositive operation techniques, including excision of the sinus, reconstruction of the hatch of ethmoidal sinus in middle nasolabial, transplantation of the dorsal nasal musculoaponeurotic flap as well as the nasolabial fold flap and the reconstruction of the cartilage-muscle ring in the wing of the nose, one-stage rehabilitation could be reached. It was an ideal, safe and reliable method to cure this kind of rare congenital nasal deformity.</p>

Study on the protective effects of ZnSO4 on rat flaps with ischemia reperfusion injury / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the protective role of the ectogenesis zinc in the rat flap with ischemia-reperfusion injury and study the mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An abdominal island flap was created in Wistar rats. 48 rats were randomly divided into three groups, 16 per group: the non-ischemia-reperfusion group, the ischemia-reperfusion group and the ischemia-reperfusion (IR) group treated with zinc. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured. The expression of metallothionein (MT) was observed, and the image analysis was performed. The ultrastructure changes of the skin flap with ischemia-reperfusion injury and the flap viability were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the IR group, at 1 h and 24 h of reperfusion, the level of MDA in the adding-zinc-IR group decreased 11.3% and 33.2% (P < 0.05); the activity of MPO decreased 14.2% and 22.7% (P < 0.05); the content of MT increased 41.5% and 44% ( P < 0.01) respectively. In the ischemia-reperfusion injury flaps, MT was located in the cytoplasm of many kinds of cells. The ultrastructure changes of the skin flap of the adding-zinc-IR group were slighter than those of the IR group. The flap viability in the adding-zinc-IR group increased 27.2% (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MT could be induced by ectogenesis zinc in the flap of rats. The flap with ischemia-reperfusion injury was protected by MT through protecting the cells in the flap.</p>